PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6
H.S. CODE
2846.10.0000
TOXICITY
SYNONYMS
CLASSIFICATION
Cerium compound, Oxidizing agent
EXTRA NOTES
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE
AUTOIGNITION
NFPA RATINGS
REFRACTIVE INDEX
87 C
EXTERNAL LINKS & GENERAL DESCRIPTION
http://www.organic-chemistry.org/
Cerium (IV) ammonium
nitrate ((NH4)2Ce(NO3)6) is a
one-electron oxidizing agent that is used for oxidative addition reactions of
electrophilic radicals to alkenes, enabling intermolecular and intramolecular
carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation. CAN also oxidizes secondary
alcohols into ketones and benzylic alcohols into aldehydes.
http://www.iisc.ernet.in/
Most
reagents play a single role in chemical reactions of various types.
Ceric ammonium nitrate is an orange solid and commercially available.
It has been widely used in industry and academia during the past
six decades. In this review, the role, efficiency, and advantages
of ceric ammonium nitrate are discussed for its use with versatile
roles in different chemical transformations. These reactions include
carbon–carbon bond formation, oxidative carbon– carbon bond cleavage,
nitration, and removal of protecting groups. The information
will be of value to chemical synthesis of new compounds and materials.
Local: Cerium is a metallic chemical element in group IIIb of periodic table; symbol Ce, soft, lustrous, ductile, iron-color metal with hexagonal or cubic crystalline structure; atomic number 58; atomic mass 140.12; melting point ca 799 C; boiling point ca 3,426 C; specific gravity 6.77 g/cm3 at 25 C; oxidation state +3 or +4; electronic config. [Xe]4f15d16s1. It is the most abundant rare-earth element and the most reactive next to europium among the lanthanide group. Lanthanide (or lanthanoid) series are the group of rare-earth elements from lanthanum (atomic numbers 57) to 71; their chemical properties are similar to each other. The chemical properties of scandium and yttrium are also similar to the lanthanides; these group are often referred to "rare earth elements".
|
Atomic No. |
Element |
Symbol |
CAS RN |
| 21 | Scandium |
Sc | 7440-20-2 |
| 39 | Yttrium |
Y | 7440-65-5 |
| 57 | Lanthanum | La | 7439-91-0 |
| 58 | Cerium | Ce | 7440-45-1 |
| 59 | Praseodymium | Pr | 7440-10-0 |
| 60 | Neodymium | Nd | 7440-00-8 |
| 61 | Promethium | Pm | 7440-12-2 |
| 62 | Samarium | Sm | 7440-19-9 |
| 63 | Europium | Eu | 7440-53-1 |
| 64 | Gadolinium | Gd | 7440-54-2 |
| 65 | Terbium | Tb | 7440-27-9 |
| 66 | Dysprosium | Dy | 7429-91-6 |
| 67 | Holmium | Ho | 7440-60-0 |
| 68 | Erbium | Er | 7440-52-0 |
| 69 | Thulium | Tm | 7440-30-4 |
| 70 | Ytterbium | Yb | 7440-64-4 |
| 71 | 7440-64-4 | Lu | 7440-64-4 |
Cerium occurs chiefly in the minerals monazite and bastnaesite. The naturally occurring element is made up of the isotopes 136Ce 0.193%, 138Ce 0.250%, 140Ce 88.58%, and 142Ce 11.07% which is a radioactive alpha emitter having a half-life of 5×1015 years. Cerium is slightly harder than lead. It tarnishes rapidly in moist air but not in dry air. It oxidizes slowly in cold water and rapidly in hot water. It reacts rapidly with the solutions of alkalis and concentrated (or dilute) acids. Its oxidation valence is readily transferred form 3 to 4 if compressed or cooled. Its shell orbitals are relatively close between 4f and the outer. with Cerium of valence +3 is referred to as cerous, while with valence 4 is as ceric. Generally cerous salts are yellow to reddish while ceric slats are white. Minute particles of pure cerium or some iron-cerium alloy ignite if scratched and are used as the flint in cigarette and gas lighters. Cerium is used in making lamp mantles as incandescence is formed when burned. Cerium is allied to form malleable iron, harder stainless steel, heat resistant magnesium and aluminium alloys and permanent magnets. It is also used as an opacifier and polisher in the glass industry, in cored carbon arcs to increase the brilliance especially for the motion picture industry, and as a liquid-liquid extraction agent to remove fission products from spent uranium fuel. Cerium compounds include;
- Ceric Oxide CeO2 (CAS RN:1306-38-3): A pale-yellow to white powder; soluble in sulfuric acid, insoluble in dilute acid and water; used in ceramics and as a polish for optical glass. Catalyst for hydrocarbon cracking, styrene production and water-gas shift reaction. Thermal stabilizer for alumina and in chemical regenerating process.
- Ceric Sulfate Ce(SO4)2·xH2O (CAS RN:13590-82-4): Yellow needles forming a basic salt with excess water; used in waterproofing, mildew-proofing, and in dyeing and printing textiles.
- Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 (CAS RN: 16774-21-3): Oxidizer
- Ceric Ammonium Sulfate Ce(NH4)4(SO4)4 (CAS RN: 10378-47-9, Dihydrate): Oxidizer
- Ceric Hydroxide Ce(OH)4 (CAS RN: 12014-56-1)
- Cerous Acetate Ce(OOCCH3)3·1.5H2O (CAS RN: 537-00-8, Sesquihydrate)
- Cerous Bromide: CeBr3 (CAS RN: 14457-87-5, )
- Cerous Carbonate Ce2(CO3)3 (CAS RN: 537-01-9, 5838-16-7)
- Cerous Chloride CeCl3 (CAS RN: 7790-86-5, 19423-76-8, 18618-55-8)
- Cerous Fluoride CeF3: White hexagonal crystals, melting point 1460 C; used in arc carbons to increase the brilliance of carbon-arc lamps.
- Cerous Naphthenate: Used as drier/additive for paints, coatings and inks; catalyst for chemical reactions
- Cerous Nitrate Ce(NO3)3 (CAS RN:10294-41-4, Hydrate)
- Cerous Oxalate: Ce(C2O4)3·xH2O (CAS RN:139-42-4, 15750-47-7): Used in ceramics, glass, phosphors and pyrotechnics
- Cerous Perchlorate CeO9Cl3 (CAS RN: 14017-47-1)
- Cerous Phosphate CeH2O5P (CAS RN:13454-71-2)
- Cerous Silicide CeSi2 (CAS RN:12014-85-6)
- Cerium Stearate Ce(C18H35O2)2 :White, waxy, inert powder, melting point 100-110 C; used in waterproofing compounds and drier for paint and ink.
- Cerous Sulfide Ce2S3 (CAS RN:12014-93-6)
APPEARANCE
REO/TREO
99.0 - 99.99%
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